C#在大图查找小图位置
因需要做一个工具，需要使用到大图查找小图功能，在网上找了下，可以使用AForge包，然后找到一个现在这个代码，感觉还可以，速度也不错，就拿来用了，代码如下。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace TestPictureFinder
{
public class PictureFinder
{
/// <summary>
/// 查找局部图片的方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="FindResulte">返回查找的结果，相似度大于设定的FoundRate比例</param>
/// <param name="Source">原始大图片</param>
/// <param name="Smallpic">原始大图片的局部小图片</param>
/// <param name="OriginalFindResulte">返回原始的查找结果</param>
/// <param name="FindAll">是否相同所有相同的多个子图片</param>
/// <param name="FoundRate">查找到相同像素的百分比条件，1表示100%完全相同，默认值为0.90f表示90%的相似度</param>
/// <param name="ExcludeColor">默认排除查找的颜色为黑色0xFF和白色0xFFFFFFFF(BGRA)</param>
/// <param name="error">颜色的容错值，0~255，0表示没有色差，255表示最大色差</param>
/// <param name="step">查找像素的步长，默认为1</param>
/// <param name="deeppercent">取出多少百分比相同颜色进行比较，以提高速度，0~1f</param>
/// <returns>是否找到了局部小图片</returns>
public static bool FindSmallPic(out Dictionary<Point, float> FindResulte, Bitmap Source, Bitmap Smallpic, out Dictionary<Point, float> OriginalFindResulte, bool FindAll = false, float FoundRate = 0.90f, uint[] ExcludeColor = default, byte error = 20, int step = 1, float deeppercent = 0.1f)
{
int w1 = Source.Width;
int h1 = Source.Height;
int w = Smallpic.Width;
int h = Smallpic.Height;
if (step == default || step < 1)
step = 1;
if (ExcludeColor == default)
ExcludeColor = new uint[] { 0xFF, 0xFFFFFFFF };//黑色和白色，最后一个字节是255表示是透明度
Dictionary<uint, uint> colorcountsmall;
Dictionary<uint, uint> colorcountbig;
Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> ColorPointListSmall = GetBitmapColorPointList(Smallpic, out colorcountsmall);
Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> ColorPointListBig = GetBitmapColorPointList(Source, out colorcountbig);
ColorPointListBig = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => ColorPointListSmall.ContainsKey(x.Key) && !ExcludeColor.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
//有时小图不一定是原大图中的，要进行颜色的相互筛选
ColorPointListSmall = ColorPointListSmall.Where(x => ColorPointListBig.ContainsKey(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
Dictionary<uint, double> count = new Dictionary<uint, double>();
foreach (var v in ColorPointListSmall.Keys)
{
double vsmall = Math.Sqrt(colorcountsmall[v]);
double vbig = Math.Sqrt(colorcountbig[v]);
double cunt = vsmall * vbig;
count.Add(v, cunt);
}
if (count.Count == 0)
{
FindResulte = null;
OriginalFindResulte = null;
//GC.Collect();
return false;
}
colorcountsmall = null;
colorcountbig = null;
count = count.OrderBy(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
int deep = (int)(count.Count* deeppercent);// (int)(count.Last().Value * deeppercent);
deep=deep<1 ? 1 : deep;
uint[] corlortofind = count.OrderBy(x => x.Value).Take(deep).Select(x => x.Key).ToArray();
count = null;
ColorPointListBig = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => corlortofind.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
ColorPointListSmall = ColorPointListSmall.Where(x => corlortofind.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
corlortofind = null;
Dictionary<Point, List<Point>> PointsFound = new Dictionary<Point, List<Point>>();
foreach (var vv in ColorPointListSmall)
{
foreach (var v in vv.Value)
{
List<Point> points = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => x.Key == vv.Key).Select(x => x.Value).First();
PointsFound.Add(v, points);
}
}
ColorPointListBig = null;
ColorPointListSmall = null;
FindResulte = new Dictionary<Point, float>();
foreach (var vp in PointsFound)
{
foreach (var p in vp.Value)
{
float percent = 0;
float BeFind = 0;
int startY = p.Y - vp.Key.Y;
int startX = p.X - vp.Key.X;
if (startX < 0 || startY < 0 || startX > w1 - w || startY > h1 - h)
continue;
Point start = new Point(startX, startY);
if (FindResulte.ContainsKey(start))
{
continue;
}
float AllDot = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < h; j += step)
{
for (int i = 0; i < w; i += step)
{
AllDot++;
Color vsmal = Smallpic.GetPixel(i, j);
Color vsource = Source.GetPixel(i + startX, j + startY);
if (ColorSimilarity(vsmal, vsource) <= error)
{
BeFind++;
}
}
}
percent = BeFind / AllDot;
FindResulte.Add(start, percent);
}
}
OriginalFindResulte = FindResulte.OrderByDescending(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);
FindResulte = OriginalFindResulte.Where(x => x.Value >= FoundRate).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);
bool ret = FindResulte.Count > 0;
PointsFound = null;
//GC.Collect();
return ret;
}
/// <summary>
/// 两颜色的RGB值的差的平均值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="a">颜色a</param>
/// <param name="b">颜色b</param>
/// <returns>两颜色的RGB值的差平均值</returns>
private static byte ColorSimilarity2(Color a, Color b)
{
//int Ea = (a.A - b.A);
byte Er = (byte)Math.Abs(a.R - b.R);
byte Eg = (byte)Math.Abs(a.G - b.G);
byte Eb = (byte)Math.Abs(a.B - b.B);
byte e = (byte)((Er + Eg + Eb) / 3);
return e;
}
private static byte ColorSimilarity(Color a, Color b)
{
const double Max= 2167.470702927d;
//int Ea = (a.A - b.A);
long Er = a.R - b.R;
long Eg = a.G - b.G;
long Eb = a.B - b.B;
long DR = (a.R + b.R)/2;
double e = Math.Sqrt((((512+DR)*Er*Er)>>8)+4*Eg*Eg+(((767-DR)*Eb*Eb)>>8));
byte ret = (byte)(e/Max*255);
return ret;
}
/// <summary>
/// 查找局部图片的方法.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="FindResulte">返回查找的结果，相似度大于设定的FoundRate比例</param>
/// <param name="Source">原始大图片</param>
/// <param name="Smallpic">原始大图片的局部小图片</param>
/// <param name="FoundRate">查找到相同像素的百分比条件，1表示100%完全相同，默认值为0.90f表示90%的相似度</param>
/// <param name="ExcludeColor">默认排除查找的颜色为白色0xFFFFFFFF</param>
/// <returns>是否找到了局部小图片</returns>
public static bool FindSmallPic(out Dictionary<Point, float> FindResulte, Bitmap Source, Bitmap Smallpic, float FoundRate = 0.90f, uint[] ExcludeColor = default)
{
int WidthBig = Source.Width;
int HeightBig = Source.Height;
int WidthSmall = Smallpic.Width;
int HeightSmall = Smallpic.Height;
//查找的对比像素的步长，越大越快，但会降低精度，速度提升并不明显。
int Step = 1;
//比对多少种颜色，越少越快
int ColorDeep = 1;
if (ExcludeColor == default)
ExcludeColor = new uint[] { 0xFFFFFFFF };
Dictionary<uint, uint> colorcountsmall;
Dictionary<uint, uint> colorcountbig;
Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> ColorPointListSmall = GetBitmapColorPointList(Smallpic, out colorcountsmall);
Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> ColorPointListBig = GetBitmapColorPointList(Source, out colorcountbig);
ColorPointListBig = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => ColorPointListSmall.ContainsKey(x.Key) && !ExcludeColor.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
//有时小图不一定是原大图中的，要进行颜色的相互筛选
ColorPointListSmall = ColorPointListSmall.Where(x => ColorPointListBig.ContainsKey(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
Dictionary<uint, double> count = new Dictionary<uint, double>();
foreach (var v in ColorPointListSmall.Keys)
{
double vsmall = Math.Sqrt(colorcountsmall[v]);
double vbig = Math.Sqrt(colorcountbig[v]);
double allcount = vsmall * vbig;
count.Add(v, allcount);
}
if (count.Count == 0)
{
FindResulte = null;
return false;
}
colorcountsmall = null;
colorcountbig = null;
count = count.OrderBy(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
uint[] corlortofind = count.OrderBy(x => x.Value).Take(ColorDeep).Select(x => x.Key).ToArray();
count = null;
ColorPointListBig = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => corlortofind.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
ColorPointListSmall = ColorPointListSmall.Where(x => corlortofind.Contains(x.Key)).ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value);
Dictionary<Point, List<Point>> PointsFound = new Dictionary<Point, List<Point>>();
foreach (var vv in ColorPointListSmall)
{
foreach (var v in vv.Value)
{
List<Point> points = ColorPointListBig.Where(x => x.Key == vv.Key).Select(x => x.Value).First();
PointsFound.Add(v, points);
}
}
ColorPointListBig = null;
ColorPointListSmall = null;
FindResulte = new Dictionary<Point, float>();
Dictionary<Point, Rectangle> RectanglesFound = new Dictionary<Point, Rectangle>();
foreach (var vp in PointsFound)
{
foreach (var p in vp.Value)
{
float percent = 0;
float BeFind = 0;
int startY = p.Y - vp.Key.Y;
int startX = p.X - vp.Key.X;
if (startX < 0 || startY < 0 || startX > WidthBig - WidthSmall || startY > HeightBig - HeightSmall)
continue;
Point start = new Point(startX, startY);
if (FindResulte.ContainsKey(start))
{
continue;
}
float AllDot = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < HeightSmall; j += Step)
{
for (int i = 0; i < WidthSmall; i += Step)
{
AllDot++;
int vsmal = Smallpic.GetPixel(i, j).ToArgb();
int vsource = Source.GetPixel(i + startX, j + startY).ToArgb();
if (vsmal == vsource)
{
BeFind++;
}
}
}
percent = BeFind / AllDot;
FindResulte.Add(start, percent);
}
}
Dictionary<Point, float> vlist, vlist2;
vlist = FindResulte.OrderByDescending(x => x.Value).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);
vlist2 = vlist.Where(x => x.Value >= FoundRate).ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value);
FindResulte = vlist2;
vlist=null; vlist2=null;
//GC.Collect();
return FindResulte.Count > 0;
}
public static Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> GetBitmapColorPointList(Bitmap obitmap, out Dictionary<uint, uint> ColorCount)
{
Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap)obitmap.Clone();
int parWidth = bitmap.Width;
int parHeight = bitmap.Height;
var parData = bitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height];
Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height);
var iMax = parData.Height;//行
var jMax = parData.Width;//列
int Depth = 4;//Format32bppArgb的颜色深度
Dictionary<uint, List<Point>> dir = new Dictionary<uint, List<Point>>();
ColorCount = new Dictionary<uint, uint>();
for (int i = 0; i < iMax - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < jMax - 1; j++)
{
//大图x，y坐标处的颜色值
//int x = j, y = i;
int parIndex = i * parWidth * Depth + j * Depth;
uint c = 0;
byte a = byteArraryPar[parIndex + 3];
byte r = byteArraryPar[parIndex + 2];
byte g = byteArraryPar[parIndex + 1];
byte b = byteArraryPar[parIndex + 0];
c = (uint)((b << 24) | (g << 16) | (r << 8) | a);
if (dir.ContainsKey(c))
{
dir[c].Add(new Point(j, i));
ColorCount[c]++;
}
else
{
List<Point> list = new List<Point>
{
new Point(j, i)
};
dir.Add(c, list);
ColorCount.Add(c, 1);
}
}
}
bitmap.UnlockBits(parData);
bitmap = null;
//GC.Collect();
return dir;
}
public static Bitmap DrawRectangle(Bitmap d, List<Rectangle> recs, Color color = default, float penwidth = 1f)
{
if (color == default) color = Color.Red;
Bitmap vb = (Bitmap)d.Clone();
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(vb);
Pen pen = new Pen(color, penwidth);
pen.DashStyle = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.DashStyle.Dot;
foreach (var v in recs)
{
g.DrawRectangle(pen, v);
}
g.Dispose();
return vb;
}
public static Bitmap DrawRectangle(Bitmap d, Rectangle rec, Color color = default)
{
if (color == default) color = Color.Red;
Bitmap vb = (Bitmap)d.Clone();
Pen pen = new Pen(color, 0.1f);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(vb);
pen.DashStyle = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.DashStyle.Dot;
g.DrawRectangle(pen, rec);
g.Dispose();
return vb;
}
}
}